Asbestos Encapsulation and Other Abatement Methods
Asbestos encapsulation is a method of abatement. Abatement methods are necessary for contaminated buildings that will continue to be occupied and for those that are being prepared for demolition. While use of the cancer-causing fibers in buildings was banned by the US in 1978, builders were allowed to use their remaining supplies. The final stocks were not used up until 1986. So, there are still many homes and other buildings with components that contain it. The material was used primarily as insulation and to make panels or tiles flame retardant. The health hazards are due to inhalation of the fibers, which can easily become airborne. If the fibers are encapsulated, they are considered less hazardous. In some cases, there is no need for concern. For example, floor tiling containing the fibers would not be hazardous to the occupants of a building. When the building was torn down and the tiles were broken into pieces, the fibers could become airborne. But, the risk is considered low even in that scenario. Whenever possible, the removal of building components containing the material is the abatement method of choice. The areas where the material is located will need to be sealed off using polyethylene film and duct tape before removal is conducted. If removal is impossible or undesirable for some reason, an asbestos encapsulant can be used. This compound serves to prevent the fibers from becoming airborne. The area where the encapsulation is to be done must be sealed off, as it would be during the removal process. Several companies make the acrylic encapsulants. They must be composed of 100% acrylic and designed specifically for the purpose of encapsulating asbestos fibers. The coatings must be tested and approved by the EPA. The coatings can be applied to spray-on fireproofing and thermal insulation. They can be used indoors and on outdoor metal structures. The coatings are non-toxic, but care must be used when the coating is being applied. Only trained personnel should handle or apply the asbestos encapsulant. Special breathing apparatus must be used. Any fibers that are broken off during the application must be vacuumed up using a Class H vacuum cleaner. Regular vacuums will expel the fibers back into the air, regardless of the type of filter with which they are equipped. Workers that perform asbestos encapsulation are at risk of serious illness. Those that work or live in a building where abatement has not been performed have a serious risk as well. Testing should be conducted if you’re not sure.
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